Rare Toxin-Producing Infection on the Rise

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is a rare result of streptococcal infection that has reached record levels in Japan this year. A staggering 40% of those who develop it will die. Though Japan has led the rise in cases, the U.S. has seen a 20-year high in Group A strep infections, which includes STSS. CDC data shows 395 cases of STSS so far in the U.S. this year, already surpassing the previous year’s total number.

This severe and potentially deadly illness is mostly caused by the streptococcus pyogenes bacterium, commonly known as group A streptococcus or “Strep A” from respiratory, skin and blood infections, as well as pregnancy related infections. Group A streptococcus can spread quickly, infecting the blood and deep tissues of the body. Officials warn that this illness can cause death in a matter of days and affects those of any age but is most common in those over the age of 65. Open wounds or sores, diabetes and alcohol usage are factors increasing the risk of contracting STSS.

A sunburn-like rash may be the initial indicator of the infection, but common symptoms of STSS can include muscle aches, chills, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Within 48 hours, the body can go into shock causing organ failure, along with extremely low blood pressure and rapid heart rate and breathing. It’s important to seek medical treatment as soon as possible to ensure the best chance of survival. Antibiotics and intravenous fluids must be administered in a hospital setting and in extreme cases, surgery may be performed to remove infected tissue.

As experts continue to search for answers surrounding the rise in STSS cases, one theory points to weakened immune systems following COVID. While STSS is rare, it has been around for centuries and can be found in any community across the globe. Seek emergency care if you develop any signs or symptoms of STSS.